S.04 – Thread Standards Map for Identifying Meaning of unknown and Multiple-meaning Word & Phrases

This is a standards map for the concept of identifying meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases. It is specific to Standard 4 of the Vocabulary Acquisition and Use Anchor in the Language standards of the CCSS ELA standards.

1. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.K > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content.

   1. Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb to duck).
   2. Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings of Words Kindergarten reading and content Unknown words/phrases Multiple meaning words/phrases New meanings [a] Inflections [b] Affixes [b]	1 - 2: Determine (Meaning of unknown words) 1 - 4: Identify (New meanings of familiar words [a]) 1 - 3: Use (Frequently occurring inflections and affixes [b])	2 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content. 4 - I can identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately. [a] 3 - I can use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word. [b]	A. English learners must know multiple meanings for some words and be able to use affixes as clues to meanings; there are many spelling rule exceptions. B. If I understand common patterns in uses of affixes, I better decode new words with familiar affixes. C. Words can have multiple meanings depending on how they are used.	A.1 How can English be confusing in meaning? B.1 How can learning affixes help me understand words. C.1 Why is it important to know how a word is used with other words?

2. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.1 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

   1. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word.
   3. Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking).

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 1 reading and content Array of Strategies Sentence Level Context Words [a] Phrases [a] Affixes[b] Root words [c] Inflectional forms [c]	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Sentence-level context [a]) 3 - Use (Affixes [b]) 2 - Identify (Root words [c])	2 - I can determine the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 4 - I can clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 3 - I can use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word. [b] 2 - I can identify frequently occurring root words and their inflectional forms. [c]	A. Meaning can often be understood from context. B. When a new word has a familiar prefix or suffix, I can connect meaning with another word with the same suffix or prefix. C. When a new word has a familiar root, I can make a connection in meaning.	A.1 How do I know the meaning of a word as I read or listen? B.1 How do I use similar beginnings and endings to connect meaning? C.1 How does the root of a word help me understand meaning.

3. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.2 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

   1. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).
   3. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).
   4. Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf, notebook, bookmark).
   5. Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 2 reading and content Array of strategies Word and Phrase Meaning Sentence-level context [a] Added prefixes [b] Root words [c] Individual words [d] Compound words [d] Glossaries [e] Beginning dictionaries [e]	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Sentence-level context [a]) 4 - Determine (Meaning of new words [b]) 3 - Use (Root words [c]) 3 - Use (Knowledge of meanings [d]) 3 - Use (Glossaries and dictionaries [e])	4 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 3 - I can use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 4 - I can determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word. [b] 3 - I can use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root. [c] 3 - I can use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words. [d] 3 - I can use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases. [e]	A. Roots, prefixes and parts of compound words are clues to meaning when recognized in multiple words. B. Words can best be understood in context of a sentence or phrase. C. Prefixes act similarly from word to word. D. Roots maintain their meanings even with familiar affixes. E. Generally, meaning is maintained in compound words, but there are exceptions. F. Meanings of words in specific contexts can be clarified in glossaries and dictionaries.	A.1 How do parts of a word influence meaning? B.1 How do I first try to understand word meaning in a sentence? C.1 How do prefixes help me understand new words? D.1 How do roots help me understand new words? E.1 How do compound words maintain meanings of parts? F.1 How can I clarify word meaning of phrases and words?

4. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.3 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning word and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategiesa.

   1. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word (e.g., agreeable/disagreeable, comfortable/uncomfortable, care/careless, heat/preheat).
   3. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., company, companion).
   4. Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 3 reading and content Array of strategies Meanings of Words and Phrases Sentence-level context Added affixes Root words Glossaries Beginning dictionaries Key words	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Sentence-level context [a]) 4 - Determine (Meaning of new words [b]) 3 - Use (Root words [c]) 3 - Use (Glossaries and dictionaries [d])	4 - I can determine the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 2 - I can clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 3 - I can use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 4 - I can determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word. [b] 3 - I can use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root. [c] 3 - I can use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases. [d]	A. Meanings may vary slightly in words with similar roots but different affixes. B. Unknown word meanings are determined by context, root, and affix clues as well as by accessing references like glossaries and dictionaries. C. Roots of words may be similar but meanings vary with changes in affixes. D. Glossaries printed in a book often provide the meaning intended in the context of that book.	A.1 How are roots and affixes related to the entire word? B.1 How can I determine meanings of unknown words? C.1 Why do some words seem similar? D.1 How might glossaries clarify precise meaning?

5. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.4 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

   1. Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).
   3. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meaning Multiple-meaning words and phrases Grade 4 reading Grade 4 content Strategies Context [a] Definitions e.g. [a] Examples e.g. [a] Restatements e.g. [a] Greek affixes and roots [b] Latin affixes and roots [b] Clues [b] Reference materials [c] Pronunciation e.g. [c] Dictionaries e.g. [c] Glossaries e.g. [c] Thesauruses e.g. [c]	2 - Determine or clarify (Meaning of unknown words, phrases) 2 - Determine or clarify (Meaning of multiple-meaning words, phrases) 1 - 2 Choose (Flexibility in strategy) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 3 - Use (Greek and Latin affixes and roots [b]) 1 - Consult (reference materials [c])	2 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content. 2 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content. 2 - I can choose flexibly from a range of strategies. 3 - I can use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can use common Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to meaning (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph). [b] 1 - I can consult reference materials (e.g. dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) both print and digital for pronunciation or meaning. [c]	A. Meanings can be found from context, affixes, and roots;clarification comes from dictionaries. B. Dictionaries provide pronunciation, precise meanings, origins, and examples of use of words. C. Words sometimes have multiple meanings and can vary in meaning in varied contexts.	A.1 Why can I sometimes understand new words without a dictionary? B.1 How can a dictionary clarify meaning? C.1 Why might several strategies be needed to figure out a word?v

6. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.5 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

   1. Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis).
   3. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Words and Phrases Unknown Multiple-meaning Content (5th grade) Reading (5th grade) Context [a] Relationships Text comparison Clue Word Meaning [b] Greek affixes Latin affixes Reference Materials Dictionaries Glossaries Thesauruses	4 - Determine (Word or phrase meaning) 2 - Use (Context [a]) 2 - Use (Affixes and roots as clues [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c])	4 - I can determine word and phrases meaning using a range of strategies. 2 - I can use context a word or phrase is in to determine meaning. [a] 2 - I can use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word. [b] 2 - I can consult reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and meaning of words and phrases.	A. Meanings can be found from context, affixes, and roots;clarification comes from dictionaries. B. Dictionaries provide pronunciation, precise meanings, origins, and examples of use of words. C. Words sometimes have multiple meanings and can vary in meaning in varied contexts.	A.1 Why can I sometimes understand new words without a dictionary? B.1 How can a dictionary clarify meaning? C.1 Why might several strategies be needed to figure out a word?

7. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.6 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

   1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).
   3. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
   4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 6 reading and content Array of strategies Context [a] Overall meaning Word meaning Phrase meaning Word position Clue Word Meaning Clues [b] Greek Latin Affixes Roots Reference materials Print and Digital [c] Pronunciation [c] Precise meaning [c] Part of speech [c] Inferred meaning in context[d] Dictionary [d]	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 3 - Use (Greek and Latin affixes and roots [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c]) 5 - Verify (Preliminary determination of a meaning [d])	4 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. 3 - I can use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word. [b] 2 - I can consult reference materials both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech. [c] 5 - I can verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase. [d]	A. Meaning is determined by understanding context, roots, affixes and author's purpose in choosing a word. B. Meaning of an unknown word or its opposite may lie within the text; you might also figure out part of speech and function. C. Many Latin or Greek affixes and roots of English words reveal origin and consistent hints to meanings. D. Reference books can tell meaning, pronunciation, part of speech and origin. E. By verifying preliminary determinations, readers assure continued reading with the correct meaning in mind.	A.1 How do I understand words? B.1 How does context help determine unknown word meaning? C.1 Why do roots and affixes help tell word meanings? D.1 How do reference materials like glossaries and dictionaries help? E.1 Why might a preliminary determination of a word need checked? (Why should I check meaning in the dictionary if I can guess it?)

8. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.7 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 7 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

   1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., belligerent, bellicose, rebel).
   3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
   4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 6 reading and content Array of strategies Context [a] Overall meaning Word meaning Phrase meaning Word position Clue Word Meaning Clues [b] Greek Latin Affixes Roots Reference materials Print and Digital [c] Pronunciation [c] Precise meaning [c] Part of speech [c] Inferred meaning in context[d] Dictionary [d] Glossaries [c] Thesauruses [c]	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 3 - Use (Greek and Latin affixes and roots [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c]) 5 - Verify (Preliminary determination of a meaning [d])	2 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 7 reading and content 4 - I can choose meaning flexibly from an array of strategies. 3 - I can use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word. [b] 2 - I can consult reference materials both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech. [c] 5 - I can verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase. [d]	A. Meaning is determined by understanding context, roots, affixes and author's purpose in choosing a word. B. Meaning of an unknown word or its opposite may lie within the text; you might also figure out part of speech and function. C. Many Latin or Greek affixes and roots of English words reveal origin and consistent hints to meanings. D. Reference books can tell meaning, pronunciation, part of speech and origin. E. By verifying preliminary determinations, readers assure continued reading with the correct meaning in mind.	A.1 How do I understand words? B.1 How does context help determine unknown word meaning? C.1 Why do roots and affixes help tell word meanings? D.1 How do reference materials like glossaries and dictionaries help? E.1 Why might a preliminary determination of a word need checked? (Why should I check meaning in the dictionary if I can guess it?)

9. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.8 > L > A.3 > S.4
   

   Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

   1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
   2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
   3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
   4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

   Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
   Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 6 reading and content Array of strategies Context [a] Overall meaning Word meaning Phrase meaning Word position Clue Word Meaning Clues [b] Greek Latin Affixes Roots Reference materials Print and Digital [c] Pronunciation [c] Precise meaning [c] Part of speech [c] Inferred meaning in context[d] Dictionary [d] Glossaries [c] Thesauruses [c]	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 3 - Use (Greek and Latin affixes and roots [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c]) 5 - Verify (Preliminary determination of a meaning [d])	4 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. 3 - I can use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word. [a] 2 - I can consult reference materials both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech. [c] 5 - I can verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase. [d]	A. Meaning is determined by understanding context, roots and affixes. B. Sometimes words are strategically placed for emphasis; word meaning also may vary in contexts. C. Roots and affixes are consistent in meaning. D. Reference materials help sort out precise meanings and pronunciation to supplement when the context may not clearly help. E. Dictionaries verify preliminary meanings by providing multiple definitions and similar context examples.	A.1 How do I understand words? B.1 How might a word's position or function in a sentence vary meaning? C.1 Why can roots and affixes provide hints to meaning? D.1 How can reference materials be helpful? E.1 Why do dictionaries help verify inferred meanings?

10. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.9-10 > L > A.3 > S.4
    

    Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

    1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
    2. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).
    3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
    4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

    Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
    Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Grade 1 reading and content Array of strategies Context Word meanings Phrase meanings Patterns of Word Changes Meanings Parts of speech Reference materials Print and Digital Pronunciation Precise meaning Part of speech Etymology Preliminary determination Word meaning Phrase meaning	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (meanings of words) 3 - Choosing (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 2 - Identify (Patterns of word changes [b]) 3 - Use (Patterns of word changes [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c]) 5 - Verify (Preliminary determination [d])	4 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. 3 - I can use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 3 - I can identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech. [b] 2 - I can consult general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology. [c] 5 - I can verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase. [d]	A. Meaning is determined by understanding context, etymology, roots, affixes and author's purpose in choosing a word. B. Meaning of an unknown word or its opposite may lie within the text; you might also figure out part of speech and function. C. Many Latin or Greek affixes and roots of English words reveal origin and consistent hints to meanings. D. Reference books can tell meaning, pronunciation, part of speech and origin. E. By verifying preliminary determinations, readers assure continued reading with the correct meaning in mind.	A.1 How do I understand words? B.1 How might a word's position or function in a sentence vary meaning? C.1 Why can roots and affixes provide hints to meaning? D.1 How can reference materials be helpful? E.1 Why do dictionaries help verify inferred meanings?

11. Common Core State Standards: English Language Arts > G.11-12 > L > A.3 > S.4
    

    Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 11–12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

    1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
    2. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, conceivable).
    3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, its etymology, or its standard usage.
    4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

    Content	Skills	Learning Targets	Big Ideas	Essential Questions
    Meanings Unknown words Multiple-meaning words Phrases Reading Content Strategies Context [a] Word meanings Phrase meanings Patterns of Word Changes [b] Meanings Parts of speech Reference materials [c] Print and Digital Pronunciation Precise meaning Part of speech Etymology Preliminary determination [d] Word meaning Phrase meaning	4 - Determine (Meanings of words) 2 - Clarify (Meanings of words) 3 - Choose (Array of strategies) 3 - Use (Context [a]) 2 - Identify (Patterns of word changes [b]) 3 - Use (Patterns of word changes [b]) 2 - Consult (Reference materials [c]) 5 - Verify (Preliminary determination [d])	4 - I can determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 11-12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. 3 - I can use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. [a] 2 - I can identify patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech. [b] 3 - I can correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech. [b] 2 - I can consult general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology. [c] 5 - I can verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase. [d]	A. Word meaning is determined by context, etymology and part of speech. B. Just as you cannot interpret a picture by just a piece, you look at the whole. C. Patterns of word changes help reveal the root and therefore meaning. D. References provide the origin, etymology, usage, part of speech, synonyms, antonyms, pronunciation and more. E. By starting at the context, I attempt to get inferred meaning before verifying in a dictionary.	A.1 How is word meaning determined? B.1 Why might position within context influence the meaning of a word? C.1 How do patterns of word change help in indicating meaning? D.1 How can a dictionary or specialized reference help in getting full meaning? E.1 Why is my preliminary determination of meaning a good indicator?