Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
Know there is a complex number i such that i2 = –1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Complex numbers
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1 - Know (i denotes a complex number)
1 - Know (i^2 = -1)
1 - Know (complex numbers are of the form a + bi, with a and b real)
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1 - I can know that i denotes a complex number.
1 - I can know that i^2 = -1.
1 - I can know that complex numbers are of the form a + bi, with a and b real.
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A. There is a set of complex numbers in which i represents an imaginary number.
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A. Why do we need imaginary numbers?
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Use the relation i2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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3 - Use (i^2 = -1 and the commutative property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers)
3 - Use (i^2 = -1 and the associative property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers)
3 - Use (i^2 = -1 and the distributive property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers)
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3 - I can use i^2 = -1 and the commutative property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
3 - I can use i^2 = -1 and the associative property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
3 - I can use i^2 = -1 and the distributive property to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
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A. The properties of real numbers apply also to complex numbers.
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A.1 Do complex numbers relate to real numbers?
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(+) Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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2 - Find (conjugate of a complex number)
3 - Use (conjugates to find moduli of complex numbers)
3 - Use (conjugates to find quotients of complex numbers)
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2 - I can find the conjugate of a complex number.
3 - I can use conjugates to find moduli of complex numbers.
3 - I can use conjugates to find quotients of complex numbers.
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A. Conjugates of complex numbers are used in several ways when working with complex numbers.
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A.1. What is a conjugate of a complex number?
A.2. How do I use the conjugate of a complex number?
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Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
(+) Represent complex numbers on the complex plane in rectangular and polar form (including real and imaginary numbers), and explain why the rectangular and polar forms of a given complex number represent the same number.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Complex numbers
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2 - Represent (complex numbers in rectangular form on the complex plane)
2 - Represent (complex numbers in polar form on the complex plane)
2 - Explain (why rectangular and polar forms represent the same number)
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2 - I can represent complex numbers in rectangular form on the complex plane.
2 - I can represent complex numbers in polar form on the complex plane.
2 - I can explain why rectangular and polar forms represent the same number.
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A. Complex numbers can be written in polar form and rectangular form.
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A. Why do I need to know how to write complex numbers in different forms?
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(+) Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, and conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on the complex plane; use properties of this representation for computation. For example, (1 – √3i)3 = 8 because (1 – √3i) has modulus 2 and argument 120°.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Complex numbers
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2 - Represent (addition of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane)
2 - Represent (subtraction of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane)
2 - Represent (multiplication of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane)
3 - Use (properties for computation)
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2 - I can represent addition of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane.
2 - I can represent subtraction of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane.
2 - I can represent multiplication of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane.
1 - I can represent conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on complex plane.
3 - I can use properties for computation.
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A. One can represent the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication geometrically on the complex number plane.
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A.1 How can graphing complex numbers on the complex number plane be useful?
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(+) Calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as the modulus of the difference, and the midpoint of a segment as the average of the numbers at its endpoints.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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2 - Calculate (distance between numbers as modulus of difference)
2 - Calculate (midpoint of a segment is the average of the coordinates of the endpoints)
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2 - I can calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as modulus of difference.
2 - I can calculate the midpoint of a segment is the average of the coordinates of the endpoints.
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A. One can find the distance and the midpoint of segments graphed on the complex plane.
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A.1 Are there any similarities between points on the coordinate plane and points on the complex plane?
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Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Equations
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2 - Solve (quadratic equations with real coefficients having complex solutions)
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2 - I can solve quadratic equations with real coefficients having complex solutions.
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A. Solutions to quadratic equations can be real or complex numbers.
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A. Do complex roots tell me anything about the function they came from?
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(+) Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers.
For example, rewrite x2 + 4 as (x + 2i)(x - 2i).
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Complex numbers
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2 - Extend (polynomial identities to complex numbers)
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2 - I can extend polynomial identities to complex numbers.
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A. Polynomial identities extend to complex numbers.
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A. How do complex numbers connect to polynomials?
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(+) Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials.
Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
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Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
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1 - Know (Fundamental Theorem of Algebra)
2 - Show (Fundamental Theorem of Algebra true for quadratic polynomials)
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1 - I can know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
2 - I can show that the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra is true for quadratic polynomials.
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A. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra applies to quadratic polynomials.
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A. How is the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra used?
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