In Grade 1, instructional time should focus on four critical areas: (1) developing understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20; (2) developing understanding of whole number relationships and place value, including grouping in tens and ones; (3) developing understanding of linear measurement and measuring lengths as iterating length units; and (4) reasoning about attributes of, and composing and decomposing geometric shapes.
Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Operations
Word Problem Situations
Word Problem Solving Strategies
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3 - Use (addition)
3 - Use (subtraction)
3 - Solve (word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing)
3 - Use (Objects)
3 - Use (Drawings)
3 - Use (Equations with a symbol as the unknown number)
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3 - I can use addition and subtraction to solve word problems that involve adding to,taking from,putting together, taking apart, and comparing.
3 - I can use objects, drawings, and equations with symbols representing the unknown number as a means of solving word problems.
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A. Addition and subtraction are used to solve word problems involving the situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing.
B. Objects, drawings, and equations with symbols for the unknown number can be used to solve word problems.
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A.1 What words in word problems would tell me to use addition or subtraction to solve?
B.1 What can I use to solve word problems involving addition and subtraction?
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Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Word Problems
Problem Solving Strategies
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3 - Solve (word problems)
3 - Use (objects, drawings, equations with symbols as the unknown number)
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3 - I can solve word problems involving the addition of 3 numbers.
3 - I can use objects, drawings, and equations with symbols as the unknown number as ways to solve word problems.
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A. Objects, drawings, and equations with symbols as the unknown number can be used to solve word problems.
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A.1 How can I solve a word problem?
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Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract.
Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property of addition.)
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Properties of Operations
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3 - Apply (properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract)
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3 - I can apply properties of operations as strategies to add and aubtract.
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A. The properties of operations can be used in problem solving.
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A.1 How can I use the properties of operations?
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Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem.
For example, subtract 10 – 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Subtraction
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2 - Understand (subtraction as an unknown-addend problem)
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2 - I can understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem.
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A. Subtraction problems can be solved by using addition.
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A.1 How can I solve a subtraction problem by using addition facts?
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Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Counting
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1 - Relate (counting to addition and subtraction)
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1 - I can relate counting to addition and subtraction.
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A . One can add and subtract by counting up or down on the number.
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A.1 How can I use counting to add or subtract?
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Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Addition
Subtraction
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2 - Add (within 20)
2 - Subtract (within 20)
3 - Demonstrate (fluency within 10)
3 - Use (strategies such as counting on, making ten, decomposing a number, using the relationship between addition and subtraction, and creating an equivalent sum)
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2 - I can add and subtract within 20.
3 - I can demonstrate fluency adding and subtracting within 10.
3 - I can use strategies such as counting on, making 10, decomposing numbers, addition-subtraction relationship, and creating equivalent but easier or known sums when solving problems.
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A. Many different strategies can be used when solving addition and subtraction problems.
B. Knowing the math facts well makes math easier.
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A.1 What strategies can I use when solving addition and subtraction problems?
B.1 How can I make math easier?
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Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false.
For example, which of the following equations are true and which are false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 – 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2.
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Equations
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2 - Understand (the meaning of the equal sign)
3 - Determine (whether equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false)
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2 - I can understand the meaning of the equal sign.
3 - I can determine whether addition and subtraction equations are true or false.
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A. An equal sign means that the two quantities on either side of the sign have the same value.
B. If the values on either side of the equal sign are not the same, then the equation is false.
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A.1 What does the equal sign mean?
B.1 How can I tell if an equation is true or false?
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Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating to three whole numbers.
For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 + ? = 11, 5 = � – 3, 6 + 6 = �.
| Content | Skills | Learning Targets | Big Ideas | Essential Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Equations
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3 - Determine (the unknown number in an equation relating 3 whole numbers)
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3 - I can determine the unknown number in an addition or subtraction equation that relates 3 whole numbers.
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A. One can determine the unknown number in an addition or subtraction equation relating 3 whole numbers.
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A.1 How can I determine the unknown quantity in an addition or subtractions equation involving 3 numbers?
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